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China's space gravitational wave detection "Tianqin plan" technology has made significant progress
On September 27th, during the S45 academic seminar of the Xiangshan Science Conference held in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, the latest updates on the "Tianqin Project" were shared. The project has made significant progress in several key technologies, including inertial sensing, laser interferometry, drag-free control, and satellite platform development. These advancements are now entering the on-orbit verification phase, marking a crucial step forward in China's space-based gravitational wave detection efforts.
Currently, there are four primary methods for detecting gravitational waves: ground-based detection, space-based detection, pulsar timing arrays, and cosmic microwave background observations. Among these, space-based gravitational wave detection plays an irreplaceable role in studying dense binary star systems within the Milky Way, the merging of intermediate and massive black holes across cosmic scales, and extreme mass ratio systems.
Since the 1970s, China has been actively researching gravitational wave detection. After decades of effort, the country has built a solid foundation in core technologies for space-based gravitational wave detection. In March 2014, a team of Chinese scientists officially proposed an independent space gravitational wave detection program called the "Tianqin Plan," which was introduced at the first International Symposium on Space Science Tasks in Tianqin in December 2014. The plan follows a four-step implementation roadmap known as "0123."
The "Tianqin Project" aims to launch three satellites into low-Earth orbit, forming an equilateral triangle formation. Using advanced technologies such as inertial sensors and laser interferometry, the system will detect gravitational wave signals from the universe, helping uncover cosmic mysteries. These three satellites, arranged like a harp in space, will listen to the "sound" of gravitational waves from the farthest reaches of the universe.
The "Tianqin Project" is one of a few space gravitational wave detection programs based on mature designs worldwide, alongside the European LISA Program. While both projects aim to detect gravitational waves from space, they differ slightly in their orbital paths—Tianqin focuses on Earth’s orbit, while LISA is designed to orbit the Sun. Their detection frequency ranges also vary slightly.
Successful implementation of the Tianqin program relies heavily on international collaboration. Scientists from around the world are invited to work together on breakthroughs in key technologies, aiming to overcome challenges in ultra-precise measurement techniques. This collaboration will enable more comprehensive research, multi-band detection, and cross-disciplinary cooperation, ultimately enhancing the accuracy of space gravitational wave detection. Additionally, the project has the potential to expand into other fields such as geophysics and solar physics.
It is reported that since the launch of the "Tianqin Plan," universities and research institutions in countries such as Russia, Italy, the UK, Germany, the US, Australia, and France have shown strong interest in participating, with some already engaging in cooperative research.
As an original space gravitational wave detection program independently proposed by China, the "Tianqin Plan" contributes valuable wisdom and a unique approach to addressing major scientific challenges in this field. It reflects China’s commitment to advancing global science and technology, optimizing the layout of international scientific resources, and promoting the concept of a shared future for humanity. The project holds significant scientific value and importance.
(Source: Xinhuanet, Science Network, Baidu Encyclopedia)