Cylinder is the place where the fuel-air mixture is compressed and burned to convert chemical energy to heat and mechanical energy to make the bike go. Just like in any other internal combustion engine. The engine might have only one cylinder or many. More than four is rare, though.The cylinder is fired by a spark plug which creates a spark electrically from the battery .
It is the cylinder in an engine where the combustion takes place-..in vehicle the cylinder is just above the transmission. think of it as a syringe. the piston moves up and compresses the air fuel mixture and as a result combustion takes place. the piston is then pushed down. this up and down motion of the piston rotates the crankshaft which is connected to the transmission which transmits power to the wheels. there are various configurations of cylinders in an engine. in vehicle have single cylinder, parallel twin, v twin, L twin, inline 4, inline 3, inline 6, v4, flat twin. similarly in cars you get inline 3, inline4, inline6 , v6, v8, v10, w12. the number represents the no. of cylinders and the letter or prefix represents the configuration.
Motorcycle Cylinder,Cylinder Kit,Motorbike Engine Part,Motorcycle Engine Cylinder LIXIN INDUSTRIAL & TRADE CO.,Limited , https://www.jmsparkplug.com
II. Introduction to the Original Circulating Water System of Our Float Production Line Our new float glass production line was formally put into operation in 2007. The cooling circulating water was collected by pipelines in two five-meter-high backwater pools on the 1st and 2nd, and two The back pool is equipped with two 90kw centrifugal pumps (one for each use) for non-stop operation to transfer water to the production line for recycling. Centrifugal pump electrical control needs to be manually controlled (self-turning transformer step-down), back to the pool level and the water pressure difference is also controlled by the manual operator to adjust the pump valve, so the pump room duty station has a post, arrange three shifts one person The class is on duty 24 hours a day. Because all links rely on manual operation, due to the operator's negligence, accidents such as draining the pool or overflowing the pool are unavoidable. In the course of the operation, several times of water supply instability and water stoppage and pump stop accidents occurred to the company. The safety production caused a serious negative impact and caused a major loss to the company’s economy. The technical upgrading of the system is imminent.
III. Automatic control and reconstruction of the original circulating water system of float production line As the person in charge of electrical maintenance of the company's production line, I worked with my colleagues on the automatic control and transformation of the circulating water system of the float process line. At the beginning, there were two plans. The first option is to install a float in the pool, take the high and low two level signals to control the high start, stop low. This program was eventually rejected because of two reasons: First, because the motor power is too large, discomfort and cooperation are frequently started; Second, the pump is centrifugal because of the large power load, the operator is required to close the valve when starting, but also exhaust after starting. Then slowly open the valve to pump water. Therefore, under the premise of non-stop control, it is necessary to install an inverter to achieve automatic control. After the study, it is determined to activate the second set of programs:
1. The partition wall in the original two pools is opened and the two pools are connected to one pool, because the output pipes of the original four pumps are connected through one pipe. The main circuit part is now equipped with a Danfoss VLT6000 inverter with a pump, the remaining three will not be used as a manual backup.
2. The control section accesses the DCS control of the central control system of the production line.
3. Add an input type level transmitter to measure the actual water level of the tank from 0 to 5 meters (two-wire system 4~20mA).
Principle of control system: When the system is in normal operation, the liquid level transmitter of the water tank samples the data of the liquid level in the pool and transmits it to the system DCS. It compares with the liquid level value set by the operator and converts the result into a frequency adjustment signal and sends it to the inverter. The frequency converter regulates the power frequency of the water pump and adjusts the speed of the water pump; the DCS controls the operation of the water pump. Through the start of the water pump and the adjustment of the frequency conversion speed, the height of the liquid level in the pool is constant to the operator's pre-set level value to achieve the purpose of automatic liquid level control.
Introduction to Central Control System (DCS):
All electrical equipment on the production line is concentrated in the centralized control room set up on the line for distributed control. The central control system refers to ABB's AC800F control system (AC800F controller is ABB's world-leading automated control system, which integrates the advantages of DCS and PLC, and holds a variety of international bus standards. It has both the complexity of DCS. Analog circuit adjustment capability, friendly human-machine interface, high-speed logic and sequential control performance equivalent to high-end PLC indicators, configuration of the entire control system using a complete engineering tool (ControlBuilderF), including automation functions, operator interface Display and record, as well as configuration of fieldbus devices and device parameter settings; provide a unified check of the user's global scope of the system, covering process control stations, operator stations to intelligent field devices, including integrity and consistency of user programs Sex detection; extensive function block library, user-defined function blocks can also be added to them, macro library and graphic symbols can create graphics and operation panels for user-defined function blocks;) Profibus interface for network communication, it has many Input and output module interface that can handle various simulations Switch signal. The operating status window of all system control objects is mainly displayed on the interface of several operation stations. The operator only needs to monitor the operation in the central control room to be able to grasp the production status of the entire line.
The rectification of the liquid level control is specifically divided into the following three steps:
1. The field water level is connected to the AI ​​module in the PID function block of the DCS system via the level transmitter as the actual signal value. After the A/D conversion, the operation is output, and the digital signal is converted into an analog signal, and then output from the AO module. The signal drives the frequency converter.
2. Add a water level display and control status interface on the computer interface. 3. Configuration: Use DCS system PID function block to achieve automatic tracking control. 4. Span setting: level transmitter water level range 0~5 meters Output 4-20mA (AI input).
Output control signal: 0~100%-→4-20mA corresponds to inverter 0--60Hz (AO output)
Inverter settings: acceleration/deceleration time 15S, frequency lower limit 20Hz, upper limit 60Hz, rated current 180A. After repeated parameter adjustments and debugging, the control has achieved the desired effect, and soon the switch is put into use. However, nearly a month after the normal operation, unexpected incidents occurred. The central control room operator told us that the water level was out of control. I immediately went to the site and found that the pool was full and the frequency converter was running at 20 Hz. The set control level (SP) is 2.7m, but the displayed actual water level (PV) is only a few tenths of a meter. Later, the cause was found to be due to the failure of the level transmitter to malfunction, which led to no signal output and the system could only mistakenly believe that it was a low water level and stopped the output, thus causing this phenomenon. This was mainly due to the fact that the design did not take into account this and left behind hidden dangers. In response to this omission, I installed ultra-high and ultra-low signals in the pool to use the float ball for detection. Then add two signals to the DCS system function block. When the liquid level controller is faulty and the water level is out of control, assuming that the water level signal is fed back into the system, the system will immediately suspend the PID output and switch to the “REAL-L†function fast command ( Built-in 30% output) for low frequency (20Hz) operation. Conversely, when the super high signal enters the system or the water level rises to the super high position, the system also suspends the PID output and switches to the “AEAL-H†function block command (with 100% output internally). The frequency converter runs at the highest frequency (6 OHz) and reduces the water level. . Adding this protection can prevent the water level transmitter from being interrupted or disordered when the actual water level signal, and its liquid level can be controlled within the limit of the ultra-high / ultra-low water level range, to avoid pool draining or overflow accidents. After the rectification, the system has been operating for three years without any supervision, and there have been no problems so far. Its stable cooling water provides a favorable guarantee for efficient production.
IV. Effect of production before and after transformation Impact of this equipment rectification not only reduces the staffing of the company from an economic point of view, but also reduces the labor intensity of the operator. And less use of a 90KW pump, automatic control of the liquid level on the pump, the motor also played a very good protection and effectively save the power consumption. Motor soft start, with short circuit protection, over-current protection, stable and reliable work, extended equipment life. Moreover, the operation of the system is also very convenient. All the parameters that need to be modified can be directly input in the interface of the central control room operation station, such as the start/stop of the frequency converter, the operating frequency, and the parameter values ​​of each PID control loop. Through this transformation, I made a deeper impression that the times are constantly improving and that high-tech is advancing by leaps and bounds. With each passing day, especially in large and medium-sized enterprises, electrical control has gradually become systematic, modular, and automated. The higher the number, as a new generation of electrical workers, I think we should not follow the old rules and stick to the rules, we should dare to break through the tradition, dare to open up through hard study, study, follow the science and technology, in order to catch up with the times, advancing with the times before they can be in the industry Internal survival and development continue.
Automatic Control of Liquid Level in Circulating Pool of Production Line
I. Overview In the flat glass production process, glass raw materials need to be heated in a melting furnace to a liquid state after heating to a temperature of 1500 degrees Celsius or more, followed by air-cooled or water-cooled components. Our company uses a float process to produce flat glass. This method, from production batch to annealing, requires a large amount of circulating cooling water to control the glass temperature and cooling of high temperature equipment. If the supply of the circulating water is unstable or water is cut off, the loss caused is very serious, and production stoppage is inevitable. A large number of high-temperature equipment over a thousand degrees in the factory will also become a pile of scrap iron in an instant. It is unthinkable. The original circulating water tank of the float production line of our company has always been controlled by artificial water level and water pressure. Due to the accidental neglect of workers, the control effect is not very satisfactory. In order to effectively control the supply of circulating water and ensure safe and efficient production, in 2009, I cooperated with the relevant electricians in the factory to jointly carry out technological innovations on this link and realized the automatic control of circulating water. The operation of this control system has not appeared so far. Major safety accidents provide a strong guarantee for the normal production of our company.