A vacuum pump, also known as a vacuum aspirator, is a machine designed to remove gas from equipment, creating a vacuum inside. These devices are essential in various industrial and laboratory applications where maintaining a low-pressure environment is necessary. Vacuum pumps can generally be categorized into three main types: reciprocating vacuum pumps, rotary vacuum pumps, and jet vacuum pumps. Each type has its own unique working principle and application areas. Reciprocating vacuum pumps are ideal for handling non-corrosive and non-particulate gases. They offer high pumping speeds and can achieve a relatively high vacuum level, making them popular in chemical processing plants. However, their complex mechanical structure requires regular maintenance, which can increase operational costs. Water ring vacuum pumps fall under the category of rotary vacuum pumps. They use a liquid ring—typically water—to create a seal and move the gas. This design makes them reliable and suitable for a wide range of applications, especially where moisture or small amounts of liquid vapor may be present. Jet vacuum pumps, on the other hand, operate by using a high-pressure fluid, such as steam or compressed air, to entrain and move the gas. This method allows them to create a vacuum without any moving parts, making them durable and suitable for harsh environments. Circulating water vacuum pumps are widely used in processes like evaporation, distillation, crystallization, filtration, and sublimation. A low-temperature cooling circulating water vacuum pump combines the functions of a vacuum pump and a cryogenic cooling system. It not only evacuates the system but also provides cooled circulating water, making it an excellent auxiliary tool for vacuum distillation and pressure reduction enrichment. These pumps are particularly well-suited for use with rotary evaporators, as they help save space, reduce the required vacuum level, and conserve water. Due to these advantages, they have become a standard piece of equipment in modern laboratories.

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