The quality of the components used in a spinning frame and their proper integration are crucial factors that directly influence the performance, efficiency, and output of the spinning machine. In my personal opinion, domestic spinning components have made significant progress, but there is still room for improvement in terms of design, precision, and adaptability to different spinning processes. Starting with the cradle, China mainly uses the "V" type drafting system, but its advantages are not clearly visible, especially when it comes to knitting yarn production. Linear drafting systems, on the other hand, are more suitable for this application due to their better alignment with the direction of the knitting yarn. Internationally, brands like SKF (PK series) and Rieter (R2P series) are widely used. For instance, Pakistan relies heavily on SKF's spring-loaded drafting system, while India primarily uses the pneumatic pressure-based R2P system. The YJ2 (SKF type) cradle in China has reached a level comparable to the SKFPK series, showing good quality and performance. Regarding the spindle, two main types are available in China: A3 steel plate and carbon fiber. Carbon spindles offer some advantages in spinning performance, but they lack the rigidity of steel plates. For long-spun fibers, steel plates are preferred due to their superior stability. As for the leather roller and apron, domestic leather rollers have achieved quality and stability close to those of ArmStrong. They can meet current spinning demands in China, but for compact spinning, ArmStrong’s 63-degree leather roller shows better yarn quality. Further research and development are needed to match international standards. Rollers have seen significant improvements in China, especially in reducing mechanical waves. These improvements have reached or even exceeded international levels. Maintaining stable mechanical wave control is essential for long-term spinning performance. Top roller bearings, such as the SL1 series, operate at lower speeds, but the key factor is the clearance control. It must be neither too tight nor too loose. Different designs, such as double rubber rollers or aluminum-coated ones, affect performance differently. Bearings made with composite materials like carbon fiber and glass fiber help improve yarn quality. Domestic top roller bearings are already sufficient for most spinning needs. Hanging spindles currently face challenges in braking torque adjustment. The same braking force cannot be applied to both 10-count and 100-count yarns. For example, a 4-gram braking torque is ideal for 40-count spinning. It would be beneficial if manufacturers could differentiate braking torques by color, similar to India’s four-speed hanging spindles, which make operation more convenient. Newer versions of the spindles have been improved based on SKF models. While they show some benefits for specific yarn types, the impact is less noticeable for others, though no negative effects on quality have been observed. Interval blocks are another area needing improvement. The 0.5 mm block is no longer sufficient, and the 0.25 mm version is more suitable for modern spinning requirements. Roller bearings in China, such as the LZ series, are comparable to INA and SKF in terms of performance and quality. They meet most industrial standards. Guide plates and hooks are also important. The diameter of the guide hook in China is usually between 3 mm and 3.5 mm, with some using 2.2 mm. In contrast, India and Pakistan use 1.5 mm for 40-count yarns. I believe that for yarn counts above 30, a 1.5 mm aperture guide hook offers better performance. Finally, the roller itself is an area where China lags slightly. Most domestic machines use 250 mm galvanized iron rolls weighing around 1.5 kg, while international models often use plastic rollers made from materials like ABS, reinforced nylon, or carbon fiber. These lighter, high-strength rollers reduce vibration and improve balance, making them ideal for high-speed operations. This trend is expected to continue as the industry moves toward more efficient and advanced spinning technologies.

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