Scientists have developed the world's smallest electric motor using carbon nanotubes, with a diameter of about 500 nanometers—300 times smaller than a human hair. This tiny motor can rotate when a voltage is applied. The design was created by researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, including Alex Zeitler, who published their findings in the journal *Nature*. The motor’s rotating blades are made of gold, measuring less than 300 nanometers in length, and are attached to a single layer of carbon nanotubes acting as the shaft. These nanotubes are multi-walled, with each layer nested inside the other. At both ends, silicon dioxide electrodes are fixed on a silicon wafer, while three additional electrodes surround the carbon nanotubes. When a voltage is applied between the nanotubes and one of the electrodes, it causes the gold blades to spin. Increasing the voltage makes the outer layers of the nanotubes detach from the inner ones, allowing the blades to move more freely. A constant voltage holds the blade in place, while a periodic voltage enables controlled rotation. Unlike previous nano-motors that were either larger or required lasers or magnetic fields, this new design is easier to operate, more flexible, and functions under various temperature and chemical conditions, even in a vacuum. Its potential applications include using the gold blades as mirrors for light manipulation, detecting chemicals through blade vibrations, and more. This breakthrough opens up exciting possibilities in nanotechnology and microengineering.

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