Open-pit mining refers to the use of certain mining equipment to engage in mining operations in open spaces. According to the different mining tools and mining equipment used in open pit mining, open pit mining is divided into manual mining, mechanical mining, hydraulic mining and excavation mining. The sum of pits, steps and open channels formed by open pit mining is called a mining site. The production process of open pit mining includes piercing and working face perforation, charge blasting, loading and transportation, ore transportation to the crushing field or dressing site, rock and soil transportation to the waste rock field. In open-pit mining, it is usually divided into horizontal stratification of a certain thickness, mining from top to bottom and maintaining a certain advanced relationship. During the mining process, each working level forms a gate in space, and each door is a step or stage. Steps are one of the basic components of an open pit and are the unit of independent stripping and mining operations. The naming of the steps is generally expressed in the elevation of the flat plate, such as 100m level. The steps can be divided into work platforms, safety platforms, transportation platforms and cleaning platforms according to their uses. The ultimate slope is the slope formed by the steps left after the end of mining to reach the ultimate interface, and its position is generally fixed. The angle between the ultimate slope and the horizontal plane is called the ultimate slope angle. It is of great significance in the design and production of open pit mines. Its size directly affects the open pit mining and open pit mine production capacity. The main safety topics of open pit mines include safety issues for blasting operations, safety issues during mechanical operation, safety issues for transportation, safety issues for electricity use, safety issues for slope stability and drainage, and safety issues for phases. (2) Basic knowledge of underground mining safety Underground mining is a complex production process. It is necessary to comprehensively apply scientific techniques such as geology, measurement, development, tunneling, blasting, transportation, upgrading, ventilation, drainage, power, safety and treatment, and select appropriate mining methods to ensure the safety of the production process. . Mining methods include mining, cutting, mining, and goaf processing. 1. coal mining method Coal mining methods can be divided into two major systems: wall and column. The wall mining method is divided into a single longwall mining method and a stratified longwall mining method according to the thickness of the coal seam. The gently inclined and inclined coal seam adopts the working face of a single longwall coal mining method. The mining technology mainly includes three types: blast mining, general mining and fully mechanized mining. The stratified longwall mining method can be divided into two types: the longwall mining method and the inclined longwall coal mining method. Column mining methods are divided into room type and room type. 2. metals, non-metallic mineral mining method According to the treatment method of ground pressure during mining, the mining methods of metal non-metallic ore are divided into three categories, namely, the open field mining method, the filling mining method and the caving mining method, the classification of each mining method and its applicable conditions. 3. Mining technology safety technology According to the production technology control link, the safety technology control of the mining face is mainly divided into three parts: before the start of the mining face, the construction organization design should be carried out, and the operation rules of the mining operation face should be formulated; the workers should be organized according to the regulations of the operation regulations; When encountering a problem that is not anticipated in the execution of the work procedure, it is necessary to seek an improvement method, modify the operation procedure in time or supplement the relevant safety technical measures. Nitrile Exam Gloves Formers apply to produce nitrile gloves. Glove Mold,Nitrile Exam Gloves Former Mold,Nitrile Glove Former ,Nitrile Glove Former Mold ZIBO HAOXIANG CERAMICS TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. , https://www.haoxiangceramics.com
Basic knowledge of mine safety
(1) Basic knowledge of open pit mining safety